Expressions of Children with Autism while Learning and Interacting in a Non-Formal Learning Environment with Other Children with Special Needs

Abstract

This study aims to describe the learning behavior and expressions of children with autism during learning activities and interactions in the non-formal Widya Wicara educational environment. The research subject was one child with autism with one companion as the main informant. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observations and structured interviews lasting 45 minutes with the companion. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman descriptive analysis technique which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the learning behavior of children with autism is strongly influenced by rapid mood swings and sensory sensitivity to the surrounding environment. Children tend to have difficulty maintaining focus and only respond to instructions or greetings when in a stable emotional state. When showing negative expressions such as rejection or tantrums, companions need to provide flexible responses and adapt to the children's needs to prevent emotional escalation. The non-formal educational environment provides a more conducive, flexible space and does not demand the achievement of specific academic targets, so children can learn and interact at their own pace, comfort, and readiness. Thus, non-formal learning is an effective approach in supporting the development of behavior, social interaction, and learning expressions of children with autism.