Assessing the Role of Lifestyle in Modulating Serum IGF-1 and Association with Breast Cancer Risk Among Palestinian Women in the Gaza Strip: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer continues to be one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, predominantly affecting women. Insulin-like growth factor-1 is vital for cellular growth and metabolism. Dysregulation of IGF-1 has been linked to an increased risk of cancer. This research explores the relationship between lifestyle factors, IGF-1, and BC risk in Palestinian women in the Gaza Strip.

Methods: Case-control study included 112 newly diagnosed BC women and 222 healthy controls. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Food Frequency Questionnaire. IGF-1 levels were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.

Results: BC patients had significantly lower physical activity than controls (58.9% vs. 44.6%, p=0.014). Eight of the 14 food groups studied were linked to reduced BC risk, with reductions of 3.4% for fruits, 3.7% for meat, 5.6% for grains, 3.0% for low-fat dairy, 16.5% for nuts, 3.3% for snacks and sweets, and 5.5% for soups and sauces, while egg increased risk by 12.5%. Drinks and beverages were positively correlated with IGF-1 levels (r_p=0.121, p=0.027) suggesting that these factors may influence BC risk.

Conclusion: Lifestyle factors including diet, and physical activity influence IGF-1 levels and BC risk. Public health interventions promoting healthier lifestyles may help reduce BC risk.