Plagiarism and Retraction

Retraction by Author

Authors are expected not to withdraw submitted manuscripts once they have entered the editorial process (review, layout, etc.) as it is considered detrimental to the editorial team who have invested time and effort in processing the article. If an author withdraws an article that is already in the editorial process, they may be required to compensate for the work done during the editorial process. However, if there are corrections from the author after the article is published, such as errors in the author's name and affiliation, they can be made without compensation.

Retraction and Correction by Editor

• The editor will consider retracting a publication if:
• Clear evidence emerges that the results of the study are invalid due to data fabrication, calculation errors, or analysis errors.
• Previous findings have been published elsewhere.
• There is evidence of proven plagiarism.
• Ethical violations occurred during the conduct of the study.

The editor will consider issuing corrections if:

• Minor errors in the publication are found to be misleading to readers.
• Errors are present in the list of authors/contributors.

These policies align with the guidelines set by COPE. (Committee on Publication Ethics).