Lifestyle as a Predictor of Diabetes Mellitus Incidence in Early Adulthood in Urban Areas: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is an increasing health problem, especially in the early adult age group in urban areas. This study aims to analyse the relationship between lifestyle, namely stress levels, physical activity, sleep patterns, and smoking behaviour, with the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in early adults in urban areas of Riau Province, as well as identifying the dominant factors that influence balanced diet adherence in people with diabetes. The research design used a cross-sectional quantitative method with a sample of 375 respondents selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that severe stress level (p=0.012; OR=1.853), low physical activity (p=0.0001; OR=3.040), and poor sleep pattern (p=0.007; OR=1.863) were significantly associated with the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus, while smoking behaviour was not significantly associated (p=1.000; OR=0.978). Multivariate analysis revealed physical activity as the dominant factor (p=0.001; OR=3.961). These findings emphasise the importance of lifestyle management especially increased physical activity, stress control, and improved sleep patterns in the prevention and management of Diabetes Mellitus in early adulthood. It is recommended that public health programmes integrate education and holistic interventions based on a multidisciplinary approach.