Enhancing esthetics and functionality of dental implants: A mini-review of titanium-based materials and techniques

Abstract

Dental implant placement in the esthetic zone is among the most challenging procedures in contemporary restorative dentistry and requires meticulous interdisciplinary planning to ensure long-term success. This success largely depends on the presence of adequate peri-implant bone volume, which is often compromised by post-extraction resorption, periodontal disease, or traumatic injury. This comprehensive mini-review consolidates and critically evaluates recent clinical case reports, controlled studies, and relevant literature to assess the efficacy of titanium and its alloys when used with advanced surgical techniques, with particular emphasis on Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) employing titanium mesh. A synthesis of documented cases demonstrates that titanium mesh functions as a highly effective space-maintaining device, preventing soft tissue ingrowth and promoting substantial horizontal ridge augmentation. One representative case reported an average ridge width increase from 4.56 mm to 7.23 mm. Dental implants from various manufacturers, including Biotec BTK and Straumann Roxolid, both primarily composed of titanium, consistently achieved successful osseointegration without significant complications, even in patients with notable risk factors such as chronic smoking. The discussion highlights the multifactorial nature of implant success, which depends not only on the inherent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the material but also on precise surgical technique, comprehensive prosthetic planning, and diligent postoperative maintenance. Titanium and its alloys remain the gold standard biomaterials for dental implants due to their well-established osseointegrative properties. Their strategic use in combination with GBR techniques involving titanium mesh enhances clinical outcomes, yielding predictable and durable results in both esthetic and functional dental rehabilitation. Future research should focus on nanoscale surface modifications of titanium to further promote bioactive healing and on long-term clinical evaluation of these advanced treatment protocols.