汉语表示方向目标的空间介词使用偏误研究

Abstract

Naturally, human beings always moving and changing locations throughout their lives. In describing the experience of traveling and journeys with direction, spatial prepositions are used. The three most common spatial prepositions in various languages ​​express location, source,and goal. Common Chinese spatial prepositions used and studied include the prepositions zai 'at', cong 'from' and dao 'to'. Although commonly used in speech, prepositions are considered difficult to learn for students who are learning Chinese as a foreign language. When producing directional speech, students often make mistakes in using Chinese spatial prepositions.

This study aims to: (1) Find the tendency of types of errors in the use of Chinese goal prepositions; (2) Explain the possible causes of students' errors in the formation and use of spatial prepositions in Chinese directional speech. The data in this study are limited to sentence constructions containing spatial prepositions of the direction of destination obtained from the composition assignments of students of the Chinese Language Education Study Program, Jakarta State University (PSPBM UNJ) class of 2020 during the 4th, 5th, and 6th semester.. The sentence constructions collected are all in written form. This study uses Carl James' error identification model in analyzing errors. The results of the study show that there is a tendency for students to make errors: (1) missing constituents in the form of localizers, (2) choosing prepositions, localizers, (3) sequence errors, and (4) mixing sequence errors and choosing inappropriate prepositions. The author assumes that the use of Chinese spatial prepositions of direction reflects the spatial concept of Chinese speakers which is different from Indonesian speakers, namely considering the interaction between identification of direction and body direction with the logic of the sequence of events important. This assumption still needs to be proven by further research from a cognitive semantic perspective.

Keywords: Error analysis; use of prepositions; Chinese spatial prepositions