Implementation of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) for fulfilling self-actualization needs in diabetes mellitus patients

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious chronic disease that occurs when the body cannot effectively utilise insulin, or when the pancreas fails to produce a sufficient amount of this hormone. Global prevalence continues to escalate annually, making it a major public health concern. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) is an evidence-based educational intervention designed to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. This study aimed to describe the implementation of DSME nursing care in fulfilling self-actualization needs of a Diabetes Mellitus patient at RSU Royal Prima Medan. A descriptive case study design was used. Primary data were collected directly from the patient through interview, observation, and physical examination; secondary data were obtained from family members. Nursing visits were conducted for 45 minutes per day over three consecutive days (May 2–4, 2026). Prior to intervention, the patient (Tn. A, 56 years) presented with an unstable blood glucose level (RBG 255 mg/dL), complaints of fatigue, polydipsia, polyuria, and ineffective health management due to inadequate knowledge and limited family support. Following DSME implementation, blood glucose decreased to 169 mg/dL, and both the patient and family demonstrated improved knowledge and self-management capability. DSME is effective as a nursing strategy for stabilising blood glucose and promoting self-actualization in Diabetes Mellitus patients. It is recommended as a standard educational component in DM nursing care.