The The Legal Status of Corporations in Corruption Offenses: An Analysis of Article 45 of the National Criminal Code and the Law on Corruption Offenses

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Published Oct 27, 2026
https://doi.org/10.34012/jihp.v9i2.8803
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Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JURNAL ILMU HUKUM PRIMA

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Haeqkal Rachman
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
Rasina Padeni Nasution
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara

Abstract

The enactment of the National Criminal Code (KUHP) marks a significant turning point in the Indonesian criminal justice system. The Code recognizes legal entities, including companies and organizations, as legal subjects that may be held liable for criminal offenses. This recognition is stipulated in Article 45 of the National Criminal Code. This development is particularly significant because legal entities had previously been recognized as perpetrators of corruption offenses under Article 20 of Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the legal framework governing legal entities involved in corruption offenses. The analysis specifically examines the relationship between Article 45 of the National Criminal Code and Article 20 of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. Employing a normative legal research methodology, this study examines the applicable laws and regulations. The research utilizes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials to provide a comprehensive analysis. The findings indicate that, theoretically, the two legal frameworks complement each other coherently based on the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali. However, proper harmonization is necessary concerning the determination of criminal intent (mens rea) and the procedures for imposing sanctions on legal entities. Such an approach is intended to ensure consistent, predictable, and fair application of the law.

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How to Cite
Rachman, H., & Padeni Nasution, R. (2026). The The Legal Status of Corporations in Corruption Offenses: An Analysis of Article 45 of the National Criminal Code and the Law on Corruption Offenses. Ilmu Hukum Prima (IHP), 9(2), 325–345. https://doi.org/10.34012/jihp.v9i2.8803

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