Overview of Diagnostics and Management of Pediatic Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Inpatients at Royal Prima Hospital, Medan

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus from Arbovirus group B, namely Arthropod-Borne Viruses or virus caused by artopoda. These viruses include the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae. There are four serotypes, namely DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. In Indonesia, DHF is still a health problem because there are many areas that are endemic.To describe the diagnostic and treatment of dengue pediatric patients hospitalized in the Royal Prima Medan Hospital in 2015. This research has been conducted with a case study design, descriptive and retrospective. Large sample of 100 medical records of patients with purposive sampling. Found the youngest age of 1 year, and the oldest 17 years of age. Sex ratio = 143.9%. The largest age group (3-4 years). The main complaint of high fever (96%), bleeding (3%), and vomiting blood (1%). Additional complaints of nausea (30%), nausea + vomiting (28%), headache and vomiting respectively 8%. Physical examination inspection conjunctiva, nose, skin, gums (within normal limits) (60%), a maculopapular rash (29%), bleeding gums and epistaxis + maculopapular rash respectively 3%, abdominal palpation tenderness (49% ), normal (46%) and hepatomegaly (5%), lung percussion on the wall of the thorax, normal (97%) and a faint sound (3%) thorax wall lung auscultation, normal (99%) and sounds weak (1%). Investigations platelets, thrombocytopenia  (53%),  normal  (45%) and  thrombocytosis  (2%),  hematocrit  (34%) and haemoconcentration  (66%),  normal  leukocytes  (39%), leucopenia  (61%),  normal haemoglobin (99%) and anemia (1%), normal erythrocytes (100%). Fluid therapy, Ringer Lactate (89%),  Asering (7%) and NaCl (3%). Medical Management, paracetamol (25%), ranitidine + paracetamol + ceftriaxone (12%), novalgin ranitidine and paracetamol + 10% respectively. Long treatment, a maximum of 11 days, take 2 days with an average of 4 days.  Circumstances at hom, cured (79%) and outpatients (21%). There are no complications. Further research is needed to determine the factors that influence the age group 1-2 years in boys already there are cases of DHF, while in girls began to be found in the age group 3-4 years.